英语提出两种可能性供选择表示与前述情况相反或不同的结果
or 或者，否则
   - 基本用法：表示“或者”的意思，用于两者之中选择一个。
     - Example: Or do you prefer coffee? (那你更喜欢咖啡吗？)
   - 特别用法：在祁使句后连接or，表示“如果…,否则…”，有转折的意思。
     - Example: Hurry up, or you'll be late. (快点，否则你会迟到的。)
Will you go to the post office by bus or on foot?你你要乘公共汽车还是步行去邮局?
Hurry up, or you will be late.快点，否则你会迟到的。
【知识拓展】在否定句中，or用于连接并列的成分时，相当于“and+否定词”
例如:There is no water or air on the moon.(=There is no water and no air on the moon.)月球上没有水和空气。

or else 否则，要不然
Be careful or else you will make a mistake.小心，否则你将会犯错误。
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rather than 而不是
I will do it myself rather than ask him to do it.我会亲自去做这件事，而不是叫他去做。

not…but 不是……而是….
John is not her father but her uncle.约翰不是她的父亲而是她的的叔叔。

either…or 或者……或者…..
   - 表示“或者…或者…；不是…就是…；要么…要么…”。
     - Example: You can either stay at home or go out with us. (你可以待在家里，也可以和我们一起出去。)
   - 当either…or…连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持“人称”和“数”的一致，即就近原则。
     - Example: Either you or I am going to the party. (要么你去参加聚会，要么我去。)
Either Alice or her father cooks meals at home•要么爱丽丝要么她爸爸在家做饭。

whether…or 不管是……还是……
   - 表示“是否…或者…”，用于提出两种可能性供选择。
     - Example: Whether you like it or not, you have to do it. (不管你喜不喜欢，你都得做。)
They haven't decided whether they will go to London or Berlin。他们尚未决定-是去伦敦还是去柏林。

otherwise：
   - 表示与前述情况相反或不同的结果。
     - Example: You must apply for the job now, otherwise you'll miss the chance. (你现在必须申请这份工作，否则你会错过机会的。)

Many kinds of birds migrate (迁徙) north in the spring and south in the fall, with most flying at night, looking for food and better conditions. But many birds die along the way. Some of these deaths are the result of human actions, such as hunting, or clearing huge areas of land that used to be used by migrating birds. Most importantly, experts say that as many as one billion birds may die every year in the US alone as a result of flying into buildings. Other tall structures, such as power lines and cell towers also lead to many bird deaths.
Now people in Philadelphia are working to remove at least one of the ways that migrating birds die. Birds can get disoriented by the lights and glass of buildings along their migration paths, causing them to strike buildings or windows. Buildings are a special challenge for migrating birds. The windows can reflect things like the sky or tree branches, causing birds to fly directly into the glass. Many birds migrate at night. Bright city lights add another layer of difficulty, confusing birds that might normally be guided by the stars.
Now the city has begun a program called Lights Out Philly, which requires building owners and people who live in the area to turn off all outside lights that aren’t needed between midnight and 6 in the morning. So far, the majority of the public have been taking part, including the city’s best-known and tallest buildings: One and Two Liberty Place, the Comcast towers, and the BNY Mellon Center. “We want to be part of the program in preserving the bird population,” they said.
Twice a year (from April 1 to May 31, and from August 15 to November 15), the lights on many of the city’s buildings are turned off.
8. What does paragraph 1 center on about migrating birds?
A. The dangers they face.
B. The processes they experience.
C. The directions they take.
D. The barriers they overcome.
9. Which can replace the underlined word “disoriented” in paragraph 2?
A. Tired. B. Blind. C. Angry. D. Lost.
10. What is most people’s attitude to the program?
A. Tolerant. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Ambiguous.
11. What is the suitable title for the text?
A. Birds Meet Dangers While Migrating
B. Migrations Lead to Mass die-offs of Birds
C. Philadelphia Goes Dark to Protect Birds
D. Birds Migrate to Look for Better Conditions

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